Happy New Year and Best Wishes

Racha,Ghina,Rami :The accused was subpoenaed

On 21 of July 1992, the accusation was subpoenaed to the court to attend the pretrial for committing "Spinneys burglary". According to the prosecutor's statement, the accused was arrested by the virtue of article : "130 criminal law". The defendant was accused for committing the burglary felony. In witnesses, the plaintiff built his accusation on the following evidences: First- video tape Second- eye witnesses Third- finger prints On the other side, the defendant in his plea requested the innocence for his client since the evidences are circumstantial and do not conform to the article 130 . As a jury, we find as majority that the defendant is not guilty .

Racha Abdulhay Law professions

Basically, there are many law professions which are divided into three main sections : 1- Attorney at law 2- Ph.D. in law 3- Judge In order to reach one of these sections, we should first study four years to get licensed in law; then we shall continue what we want to choose . Each one of the three sections has its own system, whether attorney of law who needs three years of internship to be lawyer, a judge who needs also three years of studying in judicial institute to become a judge . On the other hand, in the event of Ph.D., it takes a long time to fulfill this and that depends on the subject and the person who pursues it… My Ph.D. is in administrative law that falls under the umbrella of public law, and that the state is one of the party to any dispute . The public law conducts regulations related to : 1- relations between the state and the individuals 2- relations among the authorities in the state 3- relations among the states. The administrative law consists of regulations that control the public administrations in the state and its competences . It supervises all the activities of public services and public institutions especially their relations with individuals … Furthermore ,any dispute that arises between the victimizer and the harmed party will render filing a lawsuit before the administrative judiciary and its provisions will be based on the precedents whether stemming from jurisprudences or doctrines, contrary to the judicial court system that is based on articles of law..

Judy El Hossny crime scenes

Judy El Hossny All crime scenes are unique. Any action taken during an investigation at a crime scene can play a pivotal role in the resolution of a case. We must ensure that potential physical evidence is not tainted or destroyed or potential witnesses are overlooked. As an attorney ,the report provided by the investigators concerning the investigation process is considered as the core of the lawsuit. The investigation must be compliant with the regulations. There are some fundamental principles of investigating a crime scene and preserving evidence that should be practiced in every case. In a murder case, the judge convenes a pretrial hearing in order to endorse the investigation report. During a murder trial, the prosecutor deposes and the judge call witnesses or any person who has any information to testify, some are under oath and others not. The defense attorney presents his plea. This all accrue to charge the accused for committing a crime or dismiss the case. If the defendant is found innocent, the judge will drop the case and render a sentence in which he declares the defendant not guilty. But if the accused is convicted for the wrongful act, the judge will declare him guilty and imprison him for a long time with no possibility to be bailed out. At the end nothing is final at this stage the defendant can always go for appeal to overturn the verdict.

My colleague Najib

My colleague Najib is a good lawyer. He holds a bachelor degree in law from the Lebanese university in Tripoli. He pursued Master's studies and earned a master's degree in private law; also, he took several courses in different languages. When he was still young, Najib intended to be an attorney at law, so after he got the practicing license, he took the bar examination and he passed it successfully. Because of his excellent professional level, he received a job offer from a big law firm which‘s considered one of the most famous law firms in Tripoli, and he accepted it immediately. When Najib started working at this law firm, he improved many things in his special performance;all his colleagues are affected by his energy and his enthusiasm , and they say that he ‘s meticulous and crucial member because he achieves the tasks and the files in the finest way. Najib can interpret laws, writ the complaints and draw up contracts. According to the clients he’s a distinguished attorney at law because he files the law suits and the appeals within the deadline, plus he proposes the finest plea in favor of providing the best legal representation of litigants. Najib is always honest, ambitious and motivated; he works hard to reach his goals.

Ghina Mawas

5th session assignment: To become a lawyer in Lebanon, you should apply the several conditions stipulated by the article 5 of the law organizing the profession of law and to pass the bar examination. -In accordance with the parag. 4 of the art. 5 (mentioned above), you may have “a resume that inspires trust and respect”. -Actually this is the most principal obligation required in practicing the legal profession in general. -Justice must be the goal of lawyer and judge. Both have to intend application of laws for the purpose of improving fairly and equity. Also ,they should never cheat, commit a fraud or any unlawful act. -But, the responsibility of judge is tougher. He should be impartial during whole legal procedure and he should never break the law. Otherwise, if he was threatened, he would retire. To sentence someone, or issue a verdict, the judge must be convinced with reference to the discovery and the conclusive evidence. -finally, I believe that judge or lawyer is the image of his society…

Zaki Zakaria

hi, Dr Ghada whereas the teaching is your passion , whereas you are an energetic woman , so , please do read the topic as follows ; thank you finest regards ARBITRATION CENTER When you get into my firm , you will find a real center arbitration there; three arbitrators , three paralegals and two secretaries , and three huge halls . In fact , we regulate the work ,and one of us studies the lawsuits , the petitions , and the issues ; the second supervises the work in the firm and fulfills all the legal procedures to start the arbitration act , and the third serves all the deeds and makes all the contracts with the clients to bill them the due fees. Notwithstanding the arbitration work , the paralegals do what the supervisor wants before , during , and after the deliberations, whether the arbitration begins or not . Beside , one of the hall is for the disputants and litigants and their lawyers , and the second one used for the panel arbitration , and the taste for deliberation before issue any verdict or gag order or renders any arbitration award. ARBITRATION IN NORTH LEBANON However, we are three colleagues and we have been practicing arbitration for 10 years .Since 2003 , every one of us has a practicing license in national and international arbitration . In fact , after 10 years , we have the experience and the expertise to solve any differences or any settlement ; I think that we are now overqualified. Usually, we render at least one arbitration award each three months . Although , the arbitration is not acceptable in our society, specially in north Lebanon , but we have a lot of arbitrations disputes in our firm , and all the settlements are from outside north Lebanon . Some people prefer the traditional trial , but the other say that we must not sue anyone in this court , they prefer to settele their disagreement and settlements by arbitration . But the most of letegants don’t have a spesefic view in this topic , they are in a dither. They are unable to decide wheter choice this or that . Normally , We are trying to develop the arbitration in our country , by advising the contractor to oblige themselves in their contract by a arbitration clause , cause the arbitration very fast , and don’t take long time , so it lead to more develop in every industrial or commercial domain , Truly , any arbitration dispute, may give us, more benefits. Finally , we need to get the arbitration enhanced in north Lebanon , because this is the short way to solve any dispute, rather than following the trial . We need your assistance , so do advice your client to write an arbitration clause in their contracts .

hi, Dr Ghada

hi, Dr Ghada whereas the teaching is your passion , whereas you are an energetic woman , so , please do read the topic as follows ; thank you finest regards ARBITRATION CENTER When you get into my firm , you will find a real center arbitration there; three arbitrators , three paralegals and two secretaries , and three huge halls . In fact , we regulate the work ,and one of us studies the lawsuits , the petitions , and the issues ; the second supervises the work in the firm and fulfills all the legal procedures to start the arbitration act , and the third serves all the deeds and makes all the contracts with the clients to bill them the due fees. Notwithstanding the arbitration work , the paralegals do what the supervisor wants before , during , and after the deliberations, whether the arbitration begins or not . Beside , one of the hall is for the disputants and litigants and their lawyers , and the second one used for the panel arbitration , and the taste for deliberation before issue any verdict or gag order or renders any arbitration award. ARBITRATION IN NORTH LEBANON However, we are three colleagues and we have been practicing arbitration for 10 years .Since 2003 , every one of us has a practicing license in national and international arbitration . In fact , after 10 years , we have the experience and the expertise to solve any differences or any settlement ; I think that we are now overqualified. Usually, we render at least one arbitration award each three months . Although , the arbitration is not acceptable in our society, specially in north Lebanon , but we have a lot of arbitrations disputes in our firm , and all the settlements are from outside north Lebanon . Some people prefer the traditional trial , but the other say that we must not sue anyone in this court , they prefer to settele their disagreement and settlements by arbitration . But the most of letegants don’t have a spesefic view in this topic , they are in a dither. They are unable to decide wheter choice this or that . Normally , We are trying to develop the arbitration in our country , by advising the contractor to oblige themselves in their contract by a arbitration clause , cause the arbitration very fast , and don’t take long time , so it lead to more develop in every industrial or commercial domain , Truly , any arbitration dispute, may give us, more benefits. Finally , we need to get the arbitration enhanced in north Lebanon , because this is the short way to solve any dispute, rather than following the trial . We need your assistance , so do advice your client to write an arbitration clause in their contracts .

Rasha Abdulhay

Actually, I had a lot of lawyer's friends who had their own firm . But there is one that is my close friend whom I visit most of the time.. Her firm is very big and large. It divides into many rooms which are full of the active persons of lawyer's colleagues. The main room is very huge. There are a lot of things;a modern office which is putting on it a lot of recent cases of different kind, some of lawsuits are about commercial law and transactions related to the parties, other about personal status and the forgery in identity card, and other cases are about contracts between two parties to a real estate and one of them breaches the contracts and all ramifications as a result .. On the other hand, we can see a huge library which contains many books of law, such a civil law consists of information of all civil cases such as annulment and rescission contracts, lease property, power of attorney, etc..There are also books about criminal, administrative law and too many books... Really it's awesome..

Nesrine Al Hassan

1- ) Acquitted: In witness of the current documents, the suspect will be acquitted for sure. 2- ) Arrest: The police places the criminals under arrest. 3- ) Despite: Despite all the difficulties, we have always to respect the professional code of ethics-deontology of the law work. 4- ) Deliberation: After a long deliberation, the jury convicts the defendant of a murder-homicide. 5- ) Dissolution: The different associates make an agreement for the dissolution of the company and sharing the profits equally. 6- ) Dismissal: The employee sues the boss for the damages of the dismissal. 7- ) a File complaint: I intent to file a complaint against the other party for the repeated attacks. 8- ) Guilty: The indictment considers the accused guilty of a capital crime. 9- ) Gag order: The judge issues a gag order against the newsman’s article. 10- ) Irrespective of: Irrespective of all the critiques, this master piece remains outstanding. 11- ) Impose: We are free to express our opinion but we can’t impose it on others. 12- ) Notice: Our neighbor receives a notice to evict the house during a month. 13- ) Overturn the verdict: After the appearance of the conclusive evidence, the final court of appeal will overturn the verdict. 14- ) Prosecutor: The prosecutor summoned the suspect for the interrogation of discovery. 15- ) Reach the age: My father reached the age of retirement five years ago. 16- ) Race discrimination: Nelson Mandela was the finest example against the race discrimination. 17- ) self-defense: After listening to the witness, the judge considers his act a self-defense. 18- ) Suspended: The release of the suspect is suspended on payment the robbery. 19- ) Violate: During the interrogation of discovery, the defendant denied that the copy rights law were being violated. 20- ) With a view toward :With a view toward the doctrine and the jurisprudence, the recent judgment of the assize court is considered fair.

Nesrine Al Hassan

Nesrine Al Hassan Description of a law firm I am an attorney at law working at a firm situated in Tripoli, in the front of the palace of justice. We are two attorneys working in the office. When we started, we had the intent to hire an efficient staff that can provide a full law service and be able to handle almost all legal cases presented by clients. We are responsible to advise clients about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent them in law cases. My colleague says that I am a meticulous and crucial member because I complete the tasks and files in the finest way. he always depends on me in the difficult cases. Our work consists of interpreting laws, plus writing the complaints, the pleadings and the statement of cases. Usually we convene to discuss some cases and to find the convenient result, in the purpose of the best legal representation of litigants. Despite the difficulties that we might encounter, we care always to respect the professional code of the ethics of our job which are considered to be one of the most important jobs of nowadays because justice must prevail.

Ghina Mawas

Description of a Law Firm Ghina Mawas Date: 30-11-2013 My husband is attorney at law, as I’m, so we founded together, since 1996, our law firm. When our work developed, partners joined us and we divided our job to four departments in the following form: -The first one is with a focus on commercial issues. This department contains four efficient members, three of them do a specific work such as: making commercial contracts, following court cases or trying to settle disagreement before attending court. This group work under the supervision of Mr. Tarek, legal contractual in the firm, who has a unique experience in commercial trade, so he can manage and advise rightly his team. -The second department is with a focus on penal cases. Mr. Fouad chose to work as a solicitor and Jamil as a barrister. Actually both are critical members. They are brave, curious and nimble-minded. In most cases, they succeed in finding the conclusive evidence rendering to win the case. -The third is with a focus on the civil department and it is my favorite one. I work with a great anti competitive members. Randa, one of my colleagues, is over qualified and a knowledge seeker, a PHD holder, graduate from Harvard. I’m enjoying working with her, especially in international civil issues. Actually, Randa had others opportunities to work in better position outside Lebanon, instead of working with us, but she preferred to serve her country more than finding personnel benefit. Others members in this department just got the prating licenses and are doing internship. I always tried to enhance their skills and potentials. -The last department is the one directed by my husband. He’s the one who meets clients, distribute work and associate everyone in the firm. He convenes every week all members to review with them how work is going. Finally, the secretary in our firm does a very important job. She sets all kinds of appointments, and prepares daily schedule for ongoing cases. She’s a very energetic and savvy employee . She always achieves her obligations on time. I’m so lucky and proud to work in a such organized firm with a lovely respectable team.

Rami Ammouri

Hello. I am Rami Ammouri, an attorney at law . I work at a firm located in Tripoli North Lebanon. We are six lawyers working together. I work hard. I like to make contracts between parties and regulate the relationships among individuals. I feel happy when both of the contractors are under the contract and I never wish that one of them would break this contract or breach it. I wish that everyone would abide by the contract and respect its terms. I prefer to make contracts concerning the intellectual property and contracts under the copyright law, in order to protect exclusive rights from piracy. I hate court cases due to the long term process, but what I like most is to argue with the witnesses when they come to testify. I ask our legal assistant and our paralegal who is a critical member in our firm to get all information about the witnesses and if they are known as false witnesses ,or they usually tell the truth when taking the oath.

Rami Ammouri

Hello. I am Rami Ammouri, an attorney at law . I work at a firm located in Tripoli North Lebanon. We are six lawyers working together. I work hard. I like to make contracts between parties and regulate the relationships among individuals. I feel happy when both of the contractors are under the contract and I never wish that one of them would break this contract or breach it. I wish that everyone would abide by the contract and respect its terms. I prefer to make contracts concerning the intellectual property and contracts under the copyright law, in order to protect exclusive rights from piracy. I hate court cases due to the long term process, but what I like most is to argue with the witnesses when they come to testify. I ask our legal assistant and our paralegal who is a critical member in our firm to get all information about the witnesses and if they are known as false witnesses ,or they usually tell the truth when taking the oath.

Rami Ammouri

Hello. I am Rami Ammouri, an attorney at law . I work at a firm located in Tripoli North Lebanon. We are six lawyers working together. I work hard. I like to make contracts between parties and regulate the relationships among individuals. I feel happy when both of the contractors are under the contract and I never wish that one of them would break this contract or breach it. I wish that everyone would abide by the contract and respect its terms. I prefer to make contracts concerning the intellectual property and contracts under the copyright law, in order to protect exclusive rights from piracy. I hate court cases due to the long term process, but what I like most is to argue with the witnesses when they come to testify. I ask our legal assistant and our paralegal who is a critical member in our firm to get all information about the witnesses and if they are known as false witnesses ,or they usually tell the truth when taking the oath.

Ms.Ranim Osman - Mr.Ramy Ichrakieh

Working as a sole proprietorship will not lead to a full success at work especially if the work is in a Law Firm, the fact that needs a full contribution, that’s why I managed to choose a well-supported team to catch up all the details and to ensure full success. To start with, our meeting room is the most necessary place in the firm to keep track of the work daily and weekly, prevent any weakness and to discuss our plans in order to reach them on time. Our staff are the following : Mirna,the secretary, Chadi ,the clerk, and a group of paralegals. Mirna, since she is working along with Chadi requires having full attention and concentration on the work given to her to make sure she’s on track with him step by step to finalize everything perfectly. As for Chadi, the most important thing is having a sharp mind in order to analyze all the clues clearly. He is patient and supportive to his team where he always tries to enlighten their path and implant the spirit of optimism and reliability to feel at ease and to produce better in their work. Fadi, the paralegal, works in all phases of the discovery process, from collection of documents from the client to collect all necessary data, as well as assisting at client interviews and document reviews. Once everything is collected, he identifies and tracks important materials. Here is where the attorneys’ work begins. Our attorneys, Samia and Salim, represent clients and advise them on their legal situation in different areas. From individual cases to companies , from court proceedings to small arguments, their job is to act in their client's best interest. They work on criminal, bankruptcy, patent and civil law. Their daily tasks depend on client’s needs and field of specialty, so they could be attending court hearing, preparing contracts and other legal documents, negotiating, explaining the law and giving general legal advices or settling disputes and supervising any agreements. They would also be doing research and gathering evidences, analyzing legal documents and supervising the paralegal. There is a high level of trust among the team members, the fact that allows them to overcome all the challenges found along the path. Not to forget cooperation, contribution and punctuality for achieving the best results. We cannot deny the fact that the teamwork will face many problems, that’s why patience and respect are very important to keep the team spirit. Written by Ms.Ranim Osman - Mr.Ramy Ichrakieh

Rasha Abdulhay 's Reflection

Rasha Abdulhay Sunday, December 15, 2013 7:45 PM Actually, I had a lot of lawyer's friends who had their own firm . But there is one that she's my close friend who I visit most of the time.. Her firm is very big and large, it divides to many rooms which is full of the active persons of lawyer's colleagues. The main room is very huge, there are a lot of things.. A modern office which is putting on it a lot of recent cases of different kind, some of lawsuit are about commercial law and transactions which are not fulfill from one of the parties, other about personal status and the forgery in identity card, and other cases are about contracts between two parties on a real estate that there is one of them breaches the contracts and all ramifications as a result .. On the other hand, we can see a huge library which contents many books of law, such a civil law which consists information of all civil cases such born annulment and rescission contracts, lease property, power of attorney, etc..There are also books about criminal, administrative law and too many books... Really it's awesome..

conditional Clauses

The conditional clause in English clauses with "if" or "unless" ________________________________________ There are three types of conditional statement in English: 1. The open conditional statement. 2. The hypothetical conditional statement. 3. The unfulfilled hypothetical statement. Part 4: 4. Omission of "if". The conditional clause can either go before the main clause, or after it. ________________________________________ Type 1. The open conditional statement : This usually refers to a future event which is conditional on another future event. The verb of the main clause is in the future tense with "will" (or sometimes another modal). The verb of the conditional clause is in the simple present tense. If you eat too much, you'll get fat. You'll get fat if you eat too much. If everyone works fast, we'll finish in time. We won't finish in time unless everyone works fast. If I go to London, I can visit the British Museum. If you visit Scotland, you should visit Edinburgh Castle. Unless the directors can increase sales, we'll have to close this shop. Occasionally, the open conditional statement describes one potential state of reality or circumstance which is dependent on another. In this case, both verbs are in the present tense. If I sleep well at night, I feel much happier next morning. If the temperature falls below zero, it freezes. If it rains, everyone gets wet. In an open conditional statement, if is sometimes replaced by when: but there is a difference. Using "if" implies that the condition really is open and may not be fulfilled, using "when" implies that the condition will be fulfilled, that the event will really take place. Type 2. The open hypothetical conditional statement: This refers to a possible future situation which depends on on another possible future situation. The verb of the main clause uses the present conditional tense (would + infinitive, or could +infinitive); The verb of the conditional clause normally uses the present subjunctive or preterite (these two tenses are identical except with to be). Occasionally, the conditional aspect of the statement can be emphasised by using the form were + to + infinitive. 1A If you ate too much, you'd (you would) get fat. 1B You'd get fat if you ate too much. 2A If everyone worked faster, we would / could finish in time. 2B We wouldn't finish in time unless everyone worked faster. 2C If everyone were to work faster, we would/could finish in time. 3 If I went to London, I would / could visit the British Museum. 4. If you visited Scotland, you could visit Edinburgh Castle. 5 Unless the directors could increase sales, we'd have to close this shop. Not also this common expression (which uses the open hypothetical form, though it is clearly quite impossible!) 6. If I were you, I'd .......... As in: If I were you, I'd go a bit slower / If I were you, I'd put that gun down !! This form is also used in cases of reported speech. My professor told me I'd do much better if I worked harder. The magistrate informed him that he'd go to prison unless he stopped stealing. The newspaper reported that unless the directors could increase sales, they'd have to close the shop. Type 3. The unfulfilled hypothesis This refers to a situation which an event might have taken place, but did not, because a condition was not fulfilled. The verb of the main clause goes in the past conditional (would have + past participle). The verb of the conditional clause goes in the past perfect (had + past participle). Examples: If you had eaten too much, you'd (you would) have got fat. You'd have got fat if you'd eaten too much. If everyone had worked fast, we'd have finishd in time (but we didn't). We wouldn't have finished in time unless everyone had worked fast (but we did). If I had gone to London, I could have visited the British Museum (but I didn't) If you had visited Scotland, you could have visited Edinburgh Castle (but you didn't). Unless we'd been very confident of success, we wouldn't have even tried. (But we were confident, we did try, and we succeeded) Note: using " unless" "Unless" means the same as "if ... not", and has a negative value. It is frequently (but not only) used in conditional statements where the verb of the main clause is also in the negative. You wouldn't have fallen over unless there'd been a banana skin on the ground. = You wouldn't have fallen over if there hadn't been a banana skin on the ground. 4 Omission of "if", with inversion. Sometimes, hypothetical conditional statements or unfulfilled hypothetical statements can be expressed omitting the word if. When this happens the subject follows the auxiliary verb in the conditional clause Examples: Were the virus to reappear, hospitals would now be ready for it. (open hypothesis) = If the virus reappeared, hospitals would now be ready for it. or If the virus were to reappear, hospitals would now be ready for it. Had I known, I'd never have gone there (unfulfilled hypothesis; implying "I did go there".) = If I had known, I'd never have gone there.

today we will cover a lot of interesting listening,speaking,grammar,and terminology topics.Definitely,the participants will be very energetic and extremely active.